Literary clubs set aside literature for social issues and current events (moral and maternal issues).The women’s club movement provided a broader civic entryway for many middle-class women.They exposed middle-class women to problems in cities: poverty, corruption, and conditions.A crucial focus for women’s activism was the settlement house movement-door to public life.States marched steadily toward the progressive camp, as they undertook to regulate railroads and trusts, chiefly through public utilities commissions-Oregon and California followed.Governor Robert La Follette wrested considerable control from the crooked corporations and returned it to the people-he perfected a scheme for regulating public utilities.Progressivism bubbled up to the state level, notably in Wisconsin, which tested new reform.Urban reforms likewise attacked “slumlords,” juvenile delinquency, and wide-open prostitution.Frustrated by inefficiency and corruption of government many localities followed example of Galveston, Texas-in 1901 it had appointed expert-staffed commissions to manage urban affairs.Many states, especially the liberal ones in the West, gradually extended the vote to women.
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